What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive issue impacting the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle ring between the oesophagus and stomach. It occurs when stomach acid or bile refluxes back into the oesophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. If not managed properly, this chronic condition can lead to discomfort and complications.
Causes:
Several factors contribute to GERD, including:
- Weak LES: Allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.
- Hiatal Hernia: Part of the stomach moves up through the diaphragm, increasing reflux.
- Obesity: Excess weight adds pressure on the abdomen, promoting reflux.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure trigger GERD.
- Certain Foods and Habits: Spicy/fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, smoking, and large meals exacerbate symptoms.
Symptoms:
Common symptoms include:
- Heartburn: Burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or at night.
- Regurgitation: Sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into the throat/mouth.
- Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.
- Chest Pain: Similar to heart pain (angina).
Diagnosis:
- Medical History: Detailed discussion of symptoms and lifestyle.
- Physical Examination: Throat and abdomen examination.
- Diagnostic Tests: Upper endoscopy, pH monitoring, or oesophageal manometry to assess severity and complications.
Treatment Options:
Management aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications:
- Lifestyle Modifications: Elevating head during sleep, smaller meals, avoiding triggers, quitting smoking, and maintaining weight.
- Medications: Antacids, H2-receptor blockers (e.g., ranitidine), proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) reduce acid production.
- Surgery: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for severe, medication-resistant cases.
Complications:
Untreated GERD may lead to:
- Esophagitis: Inflammation or erosions in the oesophagus.
- Strictures: Oesophageal narrowing from scar tissue.
- Barrett’s Oesophagus: Precancerous changes in oesophageal lining.
- Respiratory Issues: Aspiration of stomach contents into lungs, causing pneumonia or asthma symptoms.
GERD is a chronic digestive disorder affecting daily life. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments empowers effective symptom management and complication prevention. Early diagnosis and proactive management improve quality of life. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized evaluation and guidance if you suspect GERD symptoms
