An endoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine the inside of your digestive tract. During the procedure, a doctor uses a flexible tube equipped with a light and camera, called an endoscope, to view images on a monitor. This allows for detailed examination without the need for major surgery.
What is Endoscopy Used For?
Endoscopy can help diagnose a range of conditions, including:
- Stomach pain and digestive issues
- Ulcers or inflammation
- Bleeding in the digestive tract
- Changes in bowel habits like chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Polyps or growths in the colon
- Routine colon cancer screening
Additionally, endoscopy can be used for treatment. For example, it can stop bleeding from ulcers, remove polyps to prevent cancer, or even extract gallstones using specialized techniques.
Different Types of Endoscopy
Upper Endoscopy: An endoscope is passed through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and the upper part of the small intestine.
Colonoscopy/Sigmoidoscopy: This involves inserting an endoscope through the rectum to view the large intestine. The term “sigmoidoscopy” refers to examining the lower part of the colon, while “colonoscopy” examines the entire colon.
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): This specialized procedure looks at the pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts, and can also be used to place stents or take biopsies.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines endoscopy with ultrasound to get detailed images of the digestive tract.
Capsule Endoscopy: You swallow a small capsule with a camera that takes pictures as it moves through your digestive tract. This is particularly useful for viewing the small intestine.
Preparing for an Endoscopy
Preparation depends on the type of endoscopy. For an upper endoscopy or ERCP, you will need to fast for 6-8 hours beforehand. For a colonoscopy, your colon must be cleared using a laxative the day before.
Most endoscopies are done under sedation, making you relaxed and drowsy but still able to respond if necessary. You won’t feel pain during the procedure, but you should arrange for someone to drive you home afterward.
What to Expect?
The procedure itself typically takes 30 minutes to 2 hours. During the endoscopy, the doctor will look for any abnormalities and may take biopsies or perform minor treatments.
Post-procedure, you might experience mild bloating or a sore throat, depending on the type of endoscopy. Recovery is usually quick, with most people resuming normal activities within a day.
Endoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating various digestive issues with minimal invasiveness. If you have concerns or need more information about the procedure, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your doctor.
