Dengue, commonly known as break-bone fever, is a mosquito-borne viral infection prevalent globally in tropical and subtropical regions.
Although many dengue cases are mild or show no symptoms, severe forms of the disease can result in hospitalization and may even be fatal.
Early detection and avoidance of mosquito bites, especially during daytime, are crucial in managing and reducing the risk of dengue.
Transmission and Risk Factors
The primary transmission of the dengue virus occurs via the bites of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which contributes to the spreading of the virus.
After biting an infected person, the virus incubates in the mosquito for about 8-12 days before it can transmit the virus to other humans.
Urbanization, climate change, and high population movements contribute to dengue’s increasing spread and risk.
Symptoms and Treatment
Initial symptoms appear 4–10 days after infection, including
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint aches
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Swollen glands
- Rash
In severe cases, symptoms such as
- Persistent vomiting
- Severe abdominal pain
- Rapid breathing
Treatment mainly involves hydration, pain management and avoiding NSAIDs due to bleeding risks.
Diagnostics and Surveillance
Accurate diagnosis of dengue is crucial for effective management and control.
Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical symptoms and is confirmed through laboratory tests such as
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
- NS1 antigen tests.
These tests are most effective when administered within the first week of illness onset.
Enhanced surveillance systems help track the spread and intensity of outbreaks, guiding public health responses and interventions.
WHO collaborates with global laboratories to strengthen diagnostic capabilities and improve reporting systems to capture the actual burden of the disease, enabling timely and effective responses to dengue outbreaks worldwide.
Prevention and Control
Prevention focuses on minimizing mosquito exposure by
- Covered clothing
- Mosquito nets
- DEET or Picaridin repellents.
Environmental management, such as eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed, is also effective.
Community involvement in vector control and personal protective measures play significant roles in reducing the incidence of dengue.
Global Impact and WHO Response
The global incidence of dengue has escalated, with millions of cases annually.
The WHO supports outbreak management, clinical training, and vector control strategies through various programs and initiatives.
Monitoring and adapting to the changing patterns of mosquito behaviour due to environmental factors is crucial in global dengue prevention efforts.
Stay vigilant and protect yourself from mosquito bites to reduce your risk of dengue.
Protect Your Family From Dengue: Learn How to Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites.
